Kerman pistachio
A highly productive and quality variety...
The Kerman Pistachio
The variety of Kerman pistachio It is one of the most cultivated in the world thanks to its High productivity, excellent fruit size and adaptability to various climatic conditions. Originally from the United States and widely spread in Spain, this variety is Ideal for those farmers looking for a safe and profitable investmentIn this article, we'll explore the characteristics of the Kerman pistachio, its agronomic management, and the key factors that make it a popular choice among nut producers.

The Kerman variety is the most widely grown in the USA.
Characteristics of the Kerman pistachio
Tree characteristics
The Kerman pistachio tree (“Pistacia vera”) is characterized by its vigorous bearing and excellent adaptation to continental climate zones such as Castilla-La ManchaIt requires a high number of chilling hours, which limits its cultivation to areas with severe winters.
Growth Habit: Semi-Erect
Tendency to branching: Media
Production High
Entry into production: 4 - 5 years
Characteristics of the fruit
The Kerman pistachio nut is notable for its large size, deep green color, hard shell, and high protein and antioxidant content. It has an efficient female-to-male ratio and a very high natural opening percentage, which favors its sale as a snack or in gourmet products. Its flavor is mild and slightly sweet, appreciated in the markets of Turkey, Iran, and the United States.

Its rounded shape and white shell make it a highly valued variety for snack consumption.
Size: Medium
Fruit gauge 17 – 19 pistachios per ounce
Cascara: Rounded, very white in color
Percentage of open: 60%
Percentage closed: 30%
Percentage of voids: 10%
Edaphoclimatic requirements
Climate
Kerman pistachio cultivation requires hot, dry summers and cold winters with sufficient chilling hours. Is drought resistant and tolerates extreme temperatures well, although it needs protection from late frosts in spring.
Land
It prefers well-drained, deep, and slightly alkaline soils. It tolerates moderate salinity and does not adapt well to excessively moist soils.
Minimum cold hours: 1.000 hours
Recommended chilling hours: 1.250 hours
Hours of heat: > 3.500 h
Flowering date: First days of May
Harvest date: Late September and early October
Pollination of the Kerman pistachio
The Kerman pistachio is a female variety and requires a suitable pollinator. The most commonly used is the Peter pistachio, which flowers simultaneously and ensures good fertilization. A ratio of one male to eight to ten females is recommended for effective pollination.

Male pistachio flower releasing pollen into the air.
Agronomic advantages of the Kerman variety
- High production and yield per hectare.
- Good percentage of natural opening.
- Fruits with high commercial value.
- High quality and excellent nutritional content.
- Compatible with rootstocks such as UCB#1.
Care and agronomic management
Rootstock
The UCB#1 rootstock is the most recommended for Kerman due to its resistance to soil-borne diseases and adaptability to marginal soils. It improves tree vigor and longevity.

In the USA, the UCB#1 rootstock is the most commonly used for the Kerman variety.
Plagues and diseases
Kerman is moderately susceptible to pests such as borer and fungi such as verticillium wilt. Good phytosanitary management and crop rotation can reduce the risk of disease.
Harvest and post-harvest
Kerman pistachios are harvested in late August or early September. Their hard shell protects the seed well during transport and storage. Quick drying after harvesting is recommended to preserve their quality.
Market perspectives
The Kerman pistachio is in high demand both nationally and internationally. Its large size, characteristic green color, high natural opening, and intense flavor make it one of the most prized varieties in gourmet markets.
Thanks to these qualities, it is widely used for Consumption as a premium snack, especially in open-shell presentations, which increases its commercial appeal. This end use, combined with its excellent presentation, allows the Kerman pistachio is marketed at a higher price, generating higher profitability for the farmer. Furthermore, its nutritional profile makes it a prominent option in healthy diets and as an ingredient in high-end cuisine.
Conclusion
The Kerman pistachio is one of the most highly valued varieties in the nut market for its yield, adaptability, and quality. Its cultivation requires careful planning, from land selection to the choice of UCB1 rootstock and Peter pollinator. Under the right climatic conditions and good management, it represents a highly profitable variety for both farmers and investors.

This article was written by Javier Gallego Largo, a graduate in agricultural sciences and director of R&D at agróptimum.
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Pistachio requires less water than other woody crops.
- (Excerpts from the study that prove us right. Example) Pistachios tolerate drought better than other woody crops such as almonds or grapes.
- Pistachio is more productive than other woody crops when it has auxiliary irrigation.
Source: Pistachio Cultivation Technical Guide – MAPA, 2022 (insert link to the IMPORTANT source in the NEW TAB and FOLLOW)
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Grants for planting pistachios
Grants for planting pistachios
Subsidies for planting pistachios in Spain
Pistachio cultivation has experienced significant growth in Spain over the last decade, establishing itself as a profitable and sustainable alternative in several regions. This boom has been supported by multiple subsidies and support programs, both national and regional, that seek to encourage pistachio planting, especially among young farmers and in areas with potential for rural development.
Below is a detailed guide to the main available grants, the requirements for accessing them, and practical tips to maximize your chances of success in obtaining them.

Pistachio cultivation can also benefit from public subsidies.
Are subsidies important for planting pistachios?
Starting a pistachio plantation involves a significant investment, as pistachios begin to produce fruit between the third and fifth year after planting. During this period, income is limited, which can represent a financial challenge for farmers. Available grants and aid can cover part of the initial costs, such as the acquisition of certified plants, land preparation, irrigation systems, and technical training, thus facilitating the economic viability of the project.
Types of subsidies for planting pistachios in Spain
Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) aid relevant to pistachios
The European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) offers various direct and indirect aids to subsidize pistachio cultivation:
- Basic income support: direct payment per eligible hectare, subject to holding payment rights upon compliance with conditionality.
- Supplementary payment for young farmers: Additional incentive for those under 40 years of age who are establishing themselves as owners of a farm for the first time, with a 2% increase on the basic income support and 15% in the case of women, for a period of five years.
- Aid associated with nuts: Specific subsidy for crops such as pistachios, with a maximum amount of €60,375/ha per year, which can be doubled if the autonomous community co-finances the aid, reaching up to €120,75/ha per year, with a maximum national area of 568.200 hectares.
- Eco-regimes: Additional payments for environmentally beneficial agricultural practices, such as crop rotation, ground cover maintenance, or organic farming.
Specific national aid for nuts
The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food has established specific aid for nuts, including subsidies for pistachio cultivation, with the aim of supporting farmers in areas with adverse agroclimatic conditions or at risk of depopulation. These grants are subject to requirements such as a minimum density of 150 trees per hectare and a minimum area per plot of 0,1 hectare.
Regional subsidies for pistachio cultivation (PDR – Rural Development Programs)
The autonomous communities manage their own Rural Development Programs (RDPs), jointly funded by the European Union, which include specific aid for pistachio planting.
- Castile and Leon: It offers aid of €200/ha for five years for the first 60 hectares of new plantations, including crops such as pistachios, almonds, and lavender.
- Castilla la Mancha: Through the FOCAL program, it subsidizes up to 45% of investment costs for SMEs and up to 25% for large companies, including expenses for construction, acquisition, and improvement of facilities, as well as machinery and equipment.
Other complementary lines of financing and subsidies
ICO lines
The Official Credit Institute (ICO) offers financing lines for agricultural projects, allowing farmers to access loans with favorable conditions for investments in pistachio cultivation.
Aid for rural women entrepreneurs
There are specific programs to promote female entrepreneurship in rural areas, offering grants and training for women who wish to start or modernize a pistachio farm.
Subsidies for agricultural insurance
Pistachio farmers can benefit from subsidies for agricultural insurance, which covers risks such as frost, drought, and pests, thus protecting investment and production.
Possible aid for drought or other exceptional circumstances
In adverse weather conditions, such as drought, exceptional aid is activated. For example, in 2025, direct aid of €20 million was approved for dryland nut producers, with amounts of up to €120/ha, managed by the Spanish Agricultural Guarantee Fund (FEGA).
General requirements for accessing subsidies for planting pistachios
To be eligible for grants, you must meet certain requirements:
- Being an active farmer: be registered with the corresponding Social Security system and carry out agricultural activity on a regular basis.
- Professional training: prove agricultural training or commit to acquiring it within a specific period.
- Certification of the farm: have a registered farm and comply with environmental and food safety regulations.
- Investment plan: Submit a detailed plan justifying the investment, including economic and technical forecasts, as well as justification of expenses through at least three supplier bids.

Remember that the minimum production time for this crop is 3,5 years.
Application process: key steps and common documentation
- Investigation: Identify the different aids available in the corresponding autonomous community.
- Project development: Create a detailed plan describing pistachio cultivation, including location, cultivation methods, and cost analysis.
- Gather documentation: Prepare all necessary documents, such as identification, farmer certificates, and any other program-specific requirements.
- Submit the application: Send the request to the corresponding entity, ensuring that all established deadlines are met.
- Follow-up: stay up-to-date with communications with the entity and respond to possible requests for additional information.
Tips to maximize your chances of getting grants for planting pistachios
- Professional advice: Consult with agricultural technicians or associations to ensure that the project meets the requirements and is presented appropriately.
- Continuous training: participate in courses and workshops on pistachio cultivation and farm management.
- Diversification: Integrating sustainable practices and diversifying crops can increase the chances of accessing additional subsidies.
- Constantly updated: Stay up-to-date on new calls for proposals and regulatory changes to take advantage of all available opportunities.
Common mistakes to avoid when applying for grants to grow pistachios
- Lack of documentation: Failure to submit all required documents may result in the application being rejected.
- Lack of awareness of deadlines: Failure to comply with the deadlines established for submitting applications may prevent access to grants.
- Inadequate planning of the commitments acquired: Failure to comply with the conditions established in the grant may result in the return of the funds received.
Conclusion
Pistachio cultivation in Spain represents a significant opportunity for farmers, especially in regions with favorable agroclimatic conditions. The various subsidies and grants available, both nationally and regionally, facilitate initial investment and promote sustainable rural development. However, it is essential to be well informed, meet the requirements, and plan appropriately to maximize the chances of success in obtaining these grants.
This article was written by Lucia Perez Carboneras.
Frequently asked questions about pistachio cultivation subsidies
Can I apply for multiple grants at once?
Yes, it is possible to combine different grants, provided they are compatible and the specific requirements for each are met. It is advisable to consult with the competent authorities or specialized advisors to ensure the compatibility of the grants.
How long does it take to grant a subsidy?
The processing time varies depending on the type of aid and the autonomous community. Generally, it can range from several months to a year. It's important to submit the application early and follow up regularly.
What happens if I don't fulfill my commitments?
Failure to comply with the conditions established in the grant may result in the full or partial repayment of the funds received, in addition to possible penalties. It is essential to fulfill all commitments and maintain transparent management of the farm.
Are grants compatible with bank financing?
Yes, grants can complement bank financing. In fact, having approved funding can facilitate access to credit by improving the project's financial viability. It is advisable to present the investment plan and the grants obtained when applying for financing.
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Pistachio requires less water than other woody crops.
- (Excerpts from the study that prove us right. Example) Pistachios tolerate drought better than other woody crops such as almonds or grapes.
- Pistachio is more productive than other woody crops when it has auxiliary irrigation.
Source: Pistachio Cultivation Technical Guide – MAPA, 2022 (insert link to the IMPORTANT source in the NEW TAB and FOLLOW)
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Larnaka Pistachio
The industry's preferred variety...
The Larnaka Pistachio
The Larnaka pistachio has established itself as one of the most prized varieties for nut cultivation, especially in regions such as Castilla-La Mancha. Its adaptability, yield, and fruit characteristics make it especially attractive to the food industry.

The Larnaka variety is one of the most highly valued for industrial consumption due to the intense green color of the grain.
Characteristics of the Larnaka pistachio
Origin and Adaptability
Native to Western Asia, the Larnaka variety has demonstrated excellent adaptation to the climatic conditions of the Iberian Peninsula, tolerating both dry and irrigated cultivation well.
Tree characteristics
The Larnaka pistachio tree is distinguished by its medium-high vigor and balanced structure, which facilitates both agronomic management and pruning. It has open branching, which allows for good light penetration and promotes optimal foliage ventilation, helping to reduce the incidence of fungal diseases. Its vegetative development is constant and adaptable, showing good resistance to adverse conditions, especially in areas with moderately cold winters. This variety usually enters production relatively early and displays average yields, with a tendency toward moderate alternation if not managed properly.
Growth Habit: Erect
Branching trend: Low
Entry into production: 4 years
Characteristics of the fruit
The Larnaka pistachio variety is characterized by its medium size and elongated, slightly asymmetrical shape, giving it an attractive appearance in the market. Its intense green color, a highly valued quality in marketing, stands out when the hard, slightly split shell is opened, making it easy to consume as a nut. The kernel yield is high, with a high percentage of naturally split nuts and an excellent kernel-to-total weight ratio.

Unlike other varieties, Larnaka shell has a dark mottling that makes it easy to distinguish.
The Larnaka pistachio variety is characterized by its medium size and elongated, slightly asymmetrical shape, giving it an attractive appearance in the market. Its intense green color, a highly valued quality in marketing, stands out when the hard, slightly split shell is opened, making it easy to consume as a nut. The kernel yield is high, with a high percentage of naturally split nuts and an excellent kernel-to-total weight ratio.
Size: Medium – Small
Caliber: 20 – 21 pistachios per ounce
Shell color: Clara, with black spots
Grain color: Intense green
Percentage of open: 65%
Percentage closed: 23%
Percentage of voids: 12%
Its flavor is delicate, with sweet, lingering nuances, ideal for both direct consumption and use in baking and cooking. Furthermore, this fruit has a good shelf life, making it a cost-effective and versatile option for producers and distributors.
Climate and soil requirements
Climate
The Larnaka variety requires a continental climate, with cold winters that provide the necessary hours of chilling for proper flowering and hot summers that favour fruit ripening.
Land
It prefers well-drained, well-aerated, and slightly alkaline soils. It tolerates soils with some salinity and adapts well to both dry and irrigated land.
Minimum cold hours: 350 hours
Recommended cold hours: 600 hours
Recommended heat hours: > 3.200 h
Flowering date: Second week of April
Harvest date:Second week of September
Production and performance
Under optimal conditions, a Larnaka pistachio tree can produce between 5 and 10 kilos of fruit in dry land, and up to 3.000-3.500 kilos per hectare in irrigated land.
Market and marketing
The Larnaka pistachio is highly sought after by the food industry due to its intense green color and high protein and antioxidant content. Its primary use is in processed products, where the content and color are valued more than the opening of the nut.
Conclusion
The Larnaka pistachio variety is a highly profitable and adaptable option for farmers, especially those in the food industry. Its hardiness, ease of management, and high market demand make it one of the most promising varieties for nut cultivation in Spain.

This article was written by Javier Gallego Largo, a graduate in agricultural sciences and current director of R&D at Agróptimum.
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Pistachio requires less water than other woody crops.
- (Excerpts from the study that prove us right. Example) Pistachios tolerate drought better than other woody crops such as almonds or grapes.
- Pistachio is more productive than other woody crops when it has auxiliary irrigation.
Source: Pistachio Cultivation Technical Guide – MAPA, 2022 (insert link to the IMPORTANT source in the NEW TAB and FOLLOW)
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Pistachio Sirora
Pistachio Sirora, everything you need to know
All about the Sirora pistachio variety
The Sirora pistachio variety has gained popularity among Spanish farmers due to its early ripening, high percentage of open nuts, and adaptability to different growing conditions. Native to Australia, this variety is an attractive option for those seeking an early start to production and attractive profitability in nut farming.

The Sirora variety is the most widely cultivated in Spain in recent years due to its precocity and the whiteness of its fruits.
Characteristics of the Sirora Pistachio
Origin and adaptability
Developed by the CSIRO in Australia, the Sirora variety is the result of a selection among plants obtained through open pollination of the Red Aleppo variety. Its introduction in Spain is recent, with plantations no older than 15 years, which means its long-term performance under the climatic and soil conditions of the Iberian Peninsula is still being evaluated.
Tree characteristics
The Sirora pistachio tree is characterized by medium-high vigor, especially during its first years, which facilitates an earlier entry into production. However, its branch structure can complicate pruning, especially on rootstocks such as the Cornicabra, where branches tend to droop. Furthermore, susceptibility to fungal leaf diseases has been observed, especially in high humidity conditions or after adverse weather events such as hailstorms. These are Sirora's technical specifications:
Growth Habit: Open
Branching trend: High
Entry into production: Early
Characteristics of the fruit
The fruit of the Sirora variety is medium to large, with an elongated-round shape and a medium-hard shell. It is notable for its high percentage of open fruit, reaching up to 95%, which surpasses other varieties such as Kerman. The grain has an attractive green color and a delicate flavor, suitable for both direct consumption and use in the food industry.

The Sirora fruit is somewhat longer than usual and has a very white shell.
These are the technical characteristics of the Sirora pistachio:
Size: Medium
Fruit gauge 17 – 19 pistachios per ounce
Cascara: Very white and smooth
Grain color: Green
Percentage of open fruits: 95%
Percentage of closed fruits: 1%
Percentage of empty fruits: 4%
Climate and soil requirements
Climate
The Sirora variety requires a continental climate, with cold winters that provide the necessary chilling hours for proper flowering and warm summers that favor fruit ripening. It is important to avoid areas with high relative humidity during the summer months, as this can increase the incidence of fungal diseases.
Land
It prefers well-drained, well-aerated, and slightly alkaline soils. It tolerates soils with a certain salinity and adapts well to both dry and irrigated land. However, it is essential to avoid poorly drained soils or those prone to waterlogging, as this can negatively affect tree development and fruit quality.
Chill hour requirement (minimum): 650
Recommended cold hours: 900
Need for heat hours: > 3.000
Flowering date: Third week of April
Harvest date: Second week of September
Advantages of the Sirora variety
- Precocity: earlier entry into production compared to other varieties.
- High percentage of open fruits: up to 95%, which facilitates marketing.
- Adaptability: good response in dry and irrigated conditions.
Production and performance
Under optimal conditions, a Sirora pistachio tree can produce between 5 and 10 kilos of fruit under dry conditions, and up to 3.000-3.500 kilos per hectare under irrigated conditions. However, it is important to consider possible alternate bearing and adjust management practices to mitigate this effect.

In addition to being early, the Sirora variety is highly productive.
Market and marketing
The Sirora pistachio is highly sought after by the food industry due to its high percentage of open nuts and attractive green color. Its primary use is in processed products, where content and color are valued more than nut splitting. However, its smaller size compared to other varieties may limit its acceptance in certain direct-consumption markets.
Conclusion
The Sirora pistachio variety is an attractive option for farmers seeking early entry into production and high profitability in nut farming. However, its specific requirements and potential challenges, such as disease susceptibility and alternate bearing, are essential to ensure long-term crop success.
This article was written by Darío Talaya Ballesteros, a graduate in economics and a master's degree in marketing. (You must include a link to your LinkedIn profile in your name.)
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Pistachio requires less water than other woody crops.
- (Excerpts from the study that prove us right. Example) Pistachios tolerate drought better than other woody crops such as almonds or grapes.
- Pistachio is more productive than other woody crops when it has auxiliary irrigation.
Source: Pistachio Cultivation Technical Guide – MAPA, 2022 (insert link to the IMPORTANT source in the NEW TAB and FOLLOW)
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This article was written by Darío Talaya Ballesteros, a graduate in economics and a master's degree in marketing. (You must include a link to your LinkedIn profile in your name.)
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Lost Hills and Golden Hills: Everything You Need to Know
Everything you need to know about:
The Lost Hills and Golden Hills pistachio varieties
In the world of pistachio cultivation, variety selection is a determining factor for the success of a farm. Among the most notable varieties in recent years are Lost Hills and Golden Hills, both native to California and developed to offer high yields, good climate adaptation, and disease resistance. This article offers a comprehensive technical comparison between the two varieties, ideal for farmers, technicians, and future investors looking to optimize their pistachio production in Spain.
Why choose a variety like Lost Hills or Golden Hills?
Choosing a pistachio variety should not be taken lightly. Factors such as climate, soil characteristics, irrigation requirements, harvesting season, ease of mechanical harvesting, and nut quality are essential. Both Lost Hills and Golden Hills were developed by the University of California to meet these demands, specifically designed for producing areas seeking high yield, ease of management, and rapid entry into production.
Technical analysis of the Lost Hills and Golden Hills varieties
Below are the main technical differences between the Lost Hills and Golden Hills varieties in terms of fruit, tree, and soil and climate requirements. This comparative analysis is key for growers to make critical decisions about which variety best suits their farm and production goals.
Fruit comparison: size, opening and commercial value
The pistachio nut is one of the elements that most influences crop profitability. This table compares the most important characteristics of each variety's nut, such as size, cracking percentage, shell color, and ease of processing.
Tree comparison: vigor, plant health and agronomic management
Tree vigor, disease resistance, and management requirements directly impact maintenance costs and the sustainability of pistachio cultivation. The following table lists the main vegetative characteristics of each variety.
Soil and climate requirements: adaptability and productive efficiency
Soil and climate requirements are crucial when planting pistachios. This table offers a comparison of chilling hour requirements, drought tolerance, and adaptation to cold soils and zones. These parameters are essential for choosing the most suitable variety based on the autonomous community and local conditions.
Advantages of the Lost Hills variety
High production from the early years
One of the great advantages of Lost Hills is its rapid onset of production, making it a profitable variety in the short term. This makes it an excellent choice for those seeking rapid economic improvement in their farms.
Large-caliber fruit with a high opening percentage
This variety stands out for its large, light-hulled fruit, with a high crack rate. These characteristics boost its market value, a key factor in the current pistachio market in Spain.
Good adaptation to the Spanish climate
Lost Hills has proven to be an excellent adaptant to areas such as Castilla-La Mancha, Extremadura, and inland Andalusia, with dry climates and harsh winters.
Advantages of the Golden Hills variety
Early flowering and harvesting
Golden Hills allows for earlier harvesting, reducing climatic risks such as autumn rains or early frosts. This facilitates greater production security and better crop management.
Low maintenance
One of the characteristics most appreciated by farmers is its reduced need for pruning and treatments, which reduces farm maintenance costs.
Disease tolerance
It has greater tolerance to fungal diseases such as Alternaria, which reduces the use of pesticides and improves crop sustainability.
Which variety should you choose based on your area and planting strategy?
Recommended areas for Lost Hills
Castilla la Mancha
Estremadura
Northern Andalusia
Aragon
Lost Hills adapts well to areas with a continental climate, cold winters, and long summers. It requires careful irrigation planning, although it is resistant to dry periods.
Recommended areas for Golden Hills
Ebro Valley
Granada Plateau
Interior of Castile and León
Golden Hills is more versatile for areas at risk of early frosts and allows for earlier harvesting, with less pruning required.
Pollination Considerations
Both varieties require a male pollinator, with Peter and Randy being the most common choices. Proper distribution of pollinators on the farm is crucial to ensure good fruit set.
Economic aspects: investment and profitability
Choosing the right variety is essential to ensure good profitability. In general terms:
- Golden Hills: Best for investors seeking a more secure and stable return with less maintenance.
- Lost Hills: ideal for those who prioritize production volume and access to markets demanding fruit size and appearance.
It's also important to consider the support available for new plantations, especially through rural development programs, and policies supporting young farmers.
Trends in Spain: Which one is most commonly planted?
Currently, in areas such as Castilla-La Mancha, Lost Hills is leading the way in new plantings, while Golden Hills is gaining ground in high-altitude or climate-challenged areas. Both are replacing the traditional Kerman variety, which, although still present, is more susceptible to disease and produces a later harvest.
Conclusion
Choosing between Lost Hills and Golden Hills will depend on technical, climatic, and economic factors. Both offer clear competitive advantages over traditional varieties and have established themselves as favorites in Spain for modern pistachio plantations. A thorough assessment of the farm's conditions, maintenance needs, and commercial objectives will help you make the best decision for a profitable and sustainable agricultural investment.
This article was written by Darío Talaya Ballesteros, a graduate in economics and a master's degree in marketing. (You must include a link to your LinkedIn profile in your name.)
FAQs
Which produces more: Lost Hills or Golden Hills?
Both varieties have similar yields, although Lost Hills tends to have a slightly larger size and a higher percentage of open fruit.
Which requires less maintenance?
Golden Hills requires less pruning and is more resistant to diseases such as alternaria.
Can both be combined on the same property?
Yes, as long as pollination and harvesting dates are well planned. This can even diversify climate risk and improve farm efficiency.
Where can I get certified plants?
In specialized nurseries like Agróptimum, which offers a variety guarantee, technical advice, and after-sales support.
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Pistachio requires less water than other woody crops.
- (Excerpts from the study that prove us right. Example) Pistachios tolerate drought better than other woody crops such as almonds or grapes.
- Pistachio is more productive than other woody crops when it has auxiliary irrigation.
Source: Pistachio Cultivation Technical Guide – MAPA, 2022 (insert link to the IMPORTANT source in the NEW TAB and FOLLOW)
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The pistachio market
Everything you need to know about...
The pistachio market
Pistachios are the second most consumed nut in the world. The main reason is the combination of expected benefits that it provides to the human body. In addition, its multiple applicationsIn the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors, these are excellent opportunities for accelerated growth in pistachio demand.
In this post we expose Key aspects of the global pistachio marketIn addition to presenting estimates for the years 2025 to 2029, we describe the trends driving demand and detail important factors in the distribution, marketing, and end use of this fruit.
The size of the global pistachio market
All analyses published by renowned market research and consulting firms, such as Data Bridge Market Research, Mordor Intelligence y KBV Research, point to the growth of the pistachio market in various sectors, mainly in the food and cosmetics industries.
According to the Mordor Intelligence report:
Global market value in 2025: €4.900.000
Estimated value in 2029: €5.850.000
Compound annual growth rate: 4,4%
This is a dried fruit native to Central Asia. But in terms of production, it is The United States is the country that leads the world market of pistachios, exporting mainly to China (52% of production) and to the countries of the European Union (31% of production).
Europe represents the second largest market for pistachios. Its production and high consumption by this group have led to the market in this region experiencing continuous and rapid growth. For example,
- German It is the largest importer of pistachios within Europe (raw and unprocessed pistachios). It also acts as a re-exporter to other European countries, such as the United Kingdom.
- ItalyAfter Germany, it is the second importer At the global level, the majority of shelled pistachio imports are consumed in Italy. It is also the third-largest producer of pistachios in Europe.
- Greece has the largest production in Europe (8.000 tons per year).
- Spain It is the third largest importer of pistachios in Europe. These imports are used for domestic consumption and industry (20.000 metric tons consumed in 2022 and 2023). Pistachios are also produced in Spain. although it is insufficient to satisfy its own demand.
Pistachio market dynamics
Among the main factors that favor the growth of global demand for pistachios are the following:
- The continued rise of health-conscious consumers, which is why the population is increasing its demand for healthy foods, making pistachios an alternative to other types of snacks, such as potato chips.
- More and more consumers are aware of the nutritional profile of pistachios.Its consumption is growing as a food rich in antioxidants, proteins, fibers, vitamins, and minerals, which can help:
- Lower cholesterol.
- Protect the heart.
- Balance blood glucose.
- Reduce inflammation.
- Strengthen the immune system.
- Improve erectile function, etc.
- Consumers also look for unique flavorsGiven this, pistachios are perceived as premium and exotic foods that can be incorporated into luxury brands.
- The pistachio has enormous culinary versatilityIn addition to its unparalleled texture and flavor, it has a unique color that makes it a valuable ingredient in food production, not only for enriching foods but also for enhancing their flavor and increasing their appeal to consumers.
Commercial forms of pistachio

Pistachios are not only sold as snacks; they can also be processed and used as intermediate foods.
The pistachio market is also segmented depending on the form or presentation in which it is marketed:
- With shell. They can be served raw, toasted, salted, etc. They are one of the most popular snacks in bars and are used as ingredients in salads.
- Roasted and salted. They are generally sold in premium presentations, to be consumed as a healthy snack.
- Shelled. They can also be sold shelled: raw, roasted, unsalted, salted, diced or whole.
- Raw shelled It is usually purchased to make pistachio butter or flour.
- Shelled and diced. Used for uniform filling of food or to make various products more aesthetic, such as cookies or muffins..
- Raw pistachio sticks. In this case, the pistachios are sliced and then cut into small strips. This presentation is used in both sweet and savory dishes.
- Pistachio flakes. It is a product derived from shelled pistachios. It is obtained by delicately cutting the kernel into small discs.
- Cracked pistachio. It is widely used to enrich foods or to give them a crunchy effect, for example to cakes and ice creams.
- Pistachio flour. It is widely used for making cakes, pies, cupcakes, muffins or breads.
- Pasta (butter). In this case, the pistachios are ground into a smooth paste. It generally contains no sugar. It is used in sauces, ice cream, pastry fillings, meats, etc.
Final application of pistachio

Pistachios are used as an ingredient in sweet and savory recipes.
On the other hand, pistachios have a wide range of applications in various food sectors, and the market can be segmented into the following uses:
- Ice cream shopPistachio paste is used to give the ice cream a smooth consistency. It's also used as a flavoring. Crushed pieces are also added to achieve a crunchy effect.
- Bakery and confectioneryPistachios can be added to various types of pastry, such as Danish pastry. They are also used to create a delicious visual contrast in cakes or toppings.
- BeveragesFor example, pistachio milkshakes are sold. There is also pistachio syrup, which adds a sweet touch to coffee and provides greater complexity to cocktails with or without alcohol.
- OthersChopped or flaked pistachios can be marketed as:
- Dressing for various types of cereals, yogurts and fruit salads.
- Spreadable products, such as butter and other creams.
- Natural snacks (pistachios in shell), to be consumed directly from the packaging.
- Energy bar ingredients.
- Dark chocolate covered snacks (shelled pistachios), etc.
- Non-culinary productsPistachios are used as an ingredient in makeup and other skincare products.
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Pistachio distribution and sales channels

The pistachio market is determined by the distribution channels that connect suppliers and buyers.
Producers and farmers can market pistachios through multiple channels:
- Direct sales. In this case, a direct relationship is established between producers and customers, whether these are the end consumer or retail companies.
- Wholesalers. This type of channel makes it easier for producers to expand their customer base, allowing them to reach a larger number of retail companies. Wholesalers generally have extensive logistics capabilities and large sales networks.
- RetailersThey are represented by large supermarket chains, health food stores, online retailers, and independent food companies. They sell pistachios directly to the end consumer. They also play a vital role in pistachio marketing, promoting their consumption.
- Export market. As explained, pistachios are one of the nuts experiencing tremendous growth in global demand. Therefore, accessing the pistachio export market allows producers and investors to obtain higher profit margins.
- Creation of value-added products. Producers and investors dedicated to pistachio cultivation can diversify their marketing methods by producing derivative products, such as pistachio butter or oil. These, in turn, can be marketed through retailers and wholesalers.
The pistachio business: a more than profitable investment
Thanks to the Mediterranean climate and the availability of land, Spain emerges as the European benchmark for pistachiosAt Agróptimum, we offer expert guidance, innovative vision, and technological expertise to ensure maximum profitability for your cultivation project.
We lead the transition of agricultural practices, to operate with maximum efficiency and sustainability. We have a multidisciplinary team of experts to comprehensively manage your project, and we develop innovative and environmentally friendly cultivation systems.
Contact us and transform the future of your plantation. In Agróptimum We become your strategic partner for the pistachio business.

This article was written by Darío Talaya Ballesteros, a graduate in economics and a master's degree in marketing. (You must include a link to your LinkedIn profile in your name.)
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Complete guide to pistachio tree climate
The climate for pistachio trees is one of the most important factors when planning a profitable and sustainable plantation. Although pistachios are a resilient and adaptable crop, their production levels, fruit quality, and resistance to pests and diseases depend largely on the conditions.
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The pistachio tree
Origins and history of the pistachio tree The origin of the pistachio tree dates back more than 3.000 years in regions of Western Asia, specifically in areas that today belong to Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan and part of China. This pistachio tree has been cultivated by ancient Persian, Greek and Roman civilizations, valued both for its
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All about pistachios in 15 minutes
The pistachio is a nut of growing economic and nutritional importance, prized for its distinctive flavor, high protein and antioxidant content, and versatility in the diet. Its distinctive green color and hard shell are its main distinguishing features, while its sustainable cultivation has boosted rural development in regions severely affected by the disease.
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Precision farming
Precision agriculture represents a revolution in the agri-food sector, integrating new technologies to optimize crop and resource management. This approach allows farmers to make more informed decisions, increasing the efficiency and sustainability of their farms. What is precision agriculture? Precision agriculture is a technique
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